Basic Algorithms for Manipulation of Modules over Finite Chain Rings

In this paper, we present some basic algorithms for manipulation of finitely generated modules over finite chain rings. We start with an algorithm that generates the standard form of a matrix over a finite chain ring, which is an analogue of the row reduced echelon form for a matrix over a field. Furthermore we give an algorithm for the generation of the union of two modules, an algorithm for the generation of the orthogonal module to a given module, as well as an algorithm for the generation of the intersection of two modules. Finally, we demonstrate how to generate all submodules of fixed shape of a given module. ACM Computing Classification System (1998): G.1.3, G.4

Study of the effects of breed on some innate immunity parameters in rams

Investigations were carried out on 26 rams from the breeds Karakachan and Copper-Red Shoumen. The non-specific immune parameters, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, bactericidal activity of phagocytes systems (oxygen-dependent and oxygen independent) and total plasma protein level were evaluated. Phagocytic response was evaluated against S. aureus 209-P with a certain percentage of active phagocytes (phagocytic index) and the number of absorbed particles per one phagocytic cells (phagocyte number). Phagocytosis completion index was defined as the percentage of the microbial cells that have been destroyed by phagocytes after incubation. State of the oxygen-dependent bactericidal systems of phagocytes was assessed in vitro using the NBT test, which reflects the ability of superoxide restore NBT in diphormazane. NBT test was evaluated by the degree of reduction in spontaneous and stimulated reactions, taking into account the intracellular deposits diphormazane. Our studies and results shows that the rams from the two local Bulgarian breeds have a high activity of innate immune parameters and that’s may be useful and important in the breeding programs as an indicator of resistance and highly tolerance to oxidative stress

Integrative Medicine: History, Ideological Development, Informed Choice and Inteligent Investment in the Future

Интегративна медицина: История, идейно развитие, информиран избор и интелигентна инвестиция в бъдещет

Molecular analysis of ovine calpastatin (CAST) and myostatin (MSTN) genes in Synthetic Population Bulgarian Milk sheep using PCR-RFLP

The aim of present study was to investigate the polymorphism of calpastatin and myostatin genes in sheep from Synthetic Population Bulgarian Milk (SPBM) breed because they are considered as candidate genes for meat and growth traits. Blood samples were collected from 121 sheep represented SPBM and genomic DNA was extracted using commercial purification kit. Genotypes were determined by PCR amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Based on results, calpastatin gene was found to be polymorphic but myostatin gene was monomorphic. The allelic frequencies in CAST gene were 92% for allele M and 8% for N. Genotype frequencies were 84%, 15% and 1% for MM, MN and NN in calpastatin locus, respectively. In this population, calpastatin locus did not show Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). Observed heterozygosity for this locus was 0.148. Established polymorphism of CAST gene in SPBM sheep can be used in future research for detection of possible association between effective genotype and meat tenderness